Archaeological discoveries made south of Luxor in Egypt in 2009 suggest the existence of a vast menagerie of animals. 112 creatures in total, including elephants, wildcats, baboons, hartebeests (antelopes), and hippos dating back to 3500 bc. The zoo–likely to have been privately owned as the animals were buried in an elite cemetery–was unearthed during excavations of the ancient settlement of Hierakonpolis. Not only can Hierakonpolis be considered the first zoo, but very significantly, the animals were given special treatment in death; some were covered with linen, and buried with pottery and other artifacts. Dr. Renee Friedman, head of the archaeological dig, says that this menagerie–this zoo–was actually meant to show human power over animals and that the critters were sacrificed. There was a spiritual aspect as it was believed that by controlling the animals, the ruler would then embody their physical prowess and strength.